“封建”考论

出版刊物 盘天下 2024-12-11 1262 0

作者简介

冯天瑜,1942年生,湖北红安人,武汉大学 历史 学院教授,专门史博士生导师,武汉大学 中国 传统 文化 中心主任。长期从事中国文化史研究,著有《中华文化史》(合著)、《中华元典精神》、《明清文化史散论》、《张之洞评传》、《 晚清 经世实学》(合著)、《解构专制——明末清初“新民本” 思想 研究》(合著)、《“千岁丸”上海行——1862年 日本 人的中国观察》、《新语探源——中西日文化互动与 近代 术语生成》、《“封建”考论》等。

“封建”考论

内容简介

当代国学 者代表作文库:"封建"考论(修订版)》主要内容简介:“封建”本义为“封土建国”、“封爵建藩”。封建制的基本内涵是世袭、分权的领主 经济 、贵族 政治 ,古来汉字文化圈诸国大体在此义上使用“封建”一名,并展开“封建论”。中国 秦汉 至明清 社会 主流离封建渐远,实行地主经济基础上的君主集权官僚政治。 欧洲 中世纪 制度feudalism(封土封臣、采邑制)与中国的殷周封建制相近(当然也有区别,中国是“宗法封建”,西欧是“契约封建”),与日本中世及近世的公武二重制“酷似”,中国晚清、日本明治间遂以“封建制”对译feudalism。清末民初中国采用这一在汉外 语言 对译间形成的新名。五四时期,陈独秀忽略中日、中欧历史差异,引入西欧及日本近代化进程中的“反封建”命题,形成“封建=前近代=落后”的语用范式。二十世纪二十年代,共产国际文件以“半封建”指称现实中国。随后的中国社会史论战之一派,信从单线直进史观,把以君主集权和地主自耕农经济为特征的秦汉至明清的两千余年纳入“封建时代”,以与西欧中世纪对应,“封建”概念泛化,既与本义脱钩,也同对译之 英文 术语feudalism含义相左,且有悖于唯物史观创始人的封建原论。在特定历史条件下,“五种社会形态”单线直进说框架内的泛化封建观普被国中。注目中国史自身特点的学者曾质疑泛化封建观,提出救“封建”概念误植的方案。《当代中国学者代表作文库:"封建"考论(修订版)》沿此轨迹,强调“名辨”的重要性,考论“封建”,并拟定“制名以指实’等历史分期命名标准,建议秦至清主要时段的社会形态称之“宗法地主专制社会”,此两千余年简称“皇权时代”,以反映中国前近代社会的本真面目,并为具有中国特色的 现代 化进程提供较准确的前史表述。

冯天瑜,1942年生,湖北红安人,武汉大学 历史学 院教授,专门史博士生导师,武汉大学中国传统文化中心主任。长期从事中国文化史研究,著有《中华文化史》(合著)、《中华元典精神》、《明清文化史散论》、《张之洞评传》、《晚清经世实学》(合著)、《解构专制——明末清初“新民本”思想研究》(合著)、《“千岁丸”上海行——1862年日本人的中国观察》、《新语探源——中西日文化互动与近代术语生成》、《“封建”考论》等。

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